PARTITION
After Partition in 1947, Kashmir was expected to go to Pakistan, as other Muslim majority regions did. Kashmir’s Hindu ruler Maharaja Hari Singh wanted to stay independent but, faced with an invasion by Muslim tribesmen from Pakistan, acceded to India in October 1947 in return for help against the invaders.
ARTICLE 370
This provision which provided for Jammu and Kashmir’s autonomy was drafted in 1947 by the then PM of the state Sheikh Abdullah and accepted by India’s first PM Jawaharlal Nehru. It was classified as a temporary provision and in October 1949 was included in the Indian constitution by the Constituent Assembly.
ARTICLE 35A
This was added to the Constitution in 1954 under Article 370, and empowered the J&K legislature to give special rights to state residents.
THREE WARS
The dispute over the former princely state sparked the first two of three wars between India and Pakistan after Independence.
DIVISIONS
A UNITED NATIONS-monitored ceasefire line agreed in 1972, called the Line of Control (LoC), splits Kashmir into two areas - one administered by India, one by Pakistan. Their armies have for decades faced off over the LoC. In 1999, the two were involved in a battle along the LoC that some analysts called an undeclared war. Agencies
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